ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in Wuhan, China when people started with the symptoms of respiratory disorder. The onset of this disease have symptoms like fever, dry cough, fatigue, and difficulty in breathing. The nature of SARS-CoV-2 seems highly contagious as it also can be spread with asymptomatically infected individuals. It has been more than a year which this outbreak have been announced as a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) due to major public health crisis and uncontrollable around the globe. Some countries have taken initiatives in inventing vaccines and step up in the clinical trial process since a vaccine is an all-powerful tool which it always been a saviour in fighting infectious disease. In searching for the vaccine, researchers had studied the previously published article of SARS-CoV or MERS as in the beginning, in light, there will be a suitable vaccine to fight this pandemic situation. Recent research on the vaccine has been tested to seek the right vaccine for COVID-19. This study is to focus on the current vaccine development against COVID-19 and to explore the potential vaccines' characteristics that have been studied by the previous proven research findings. This review was done based on the research articles and reviews published until the end of April 2021 through established scientific search engines and related scientific platforms based on the inclusion criteria with its related keywords like coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 Vaccine, clinical trials, and COVID-19 vaccine development. This review summarized a few vaccine candidates that have entered clinical trials and some supported evidence from Phase I until Phase III clinical trial studies that have been published and reported. In this review, 12 vaccine candidates have the potential to against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, their vaccine platform, characteristic as well as its efficacy studies have been discussed.Copyright © RJPT All right reserved.
ABSTRACT
Aim: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts not only as an enzyme but also as a thought to be central receptor by which severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters host cells. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are thought to $1 are central to SARS-CoV-2 progression. However, its effect on clinical outcomes is still not fully explained. In this study, we investigated the effects of ACEIs use on pulmonary computed tomography findings. Method(s): The data of the patients who were hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and were using medications for the diagnosis of hypertension from 20th March to 20th June 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups patients using ACEIs and not using ACEIs. Result(s): The study was conducted with 107 patients. Mild cases without signs of pneumonia were excluded from this study. Moderate cases were accepted as patients with symptoms related to the respiratory system and pneumonia detected on imaging. SpO2<=93%, >=30 breaths/min respiratory rate, and patients who developed respiratory failure, mechanical ventilator need, shock, or multiorgan failure were included in the severe and critically ill cases group. Severe and critical cases were evaluated as a single group. When the radiological images of the patients were examined, it was remarkable that multilobar findings were less common in the ACEIs using group (p<0.001). At the clinical end point, mortality rates in patients using ACEIs (12.7%) were significantly lower than patients without using ACEIs (32.7%). Conclusion(s): In our study, we showed that SARS-CoV-2 progresses with less multilobar involvement in pulmonary computed tomography in patients using ACEI.Copyright © 2023 by The Medical Bulletin of Istanbul Haseki Training and Research Hospital The Medical Bulletin of Haseki published by Galenos Yayinevi.